Why do my gums bleed when I brush?
Bleeding gums are common and usually a sign of early gum disease. The causes, what you can do at home, and when to see a dentist.
A little pink on the toothbrush is easy to ignore. It is also one of the earliest signs that your gums need attention, and early is when it is easiest to fix.
The most common cause
Plaque is a soft, sticky layer of bacteria that builds up along the gum line every day. If it is not cleaned away, the gums react by becoming red, swollen and quick to bleed. This early stage is called gingivitis. Over time, plaque hardens into tartar, which a toothbrush cannot remove.
Other things that can play a part
- brushing too hard or with a hard-bristled brush
- smoking or chewing tobacco
- hormone changes, including during pregnancy
- some medicines, especially those that thin the blood
- some general health conditions
If you take medicines or have a health condition, tell your dentist. It helps them understand what they see.
What you can do at home
- Brush twice a day with a soft brush, angled towards the gum line.
- Clean between your teeth once a day with floss or small interdental brushes.
- Do not stop brushing an area because it bleeds. Gentle, regular cleaning is what helps it settle.
When to see a dentist
Book a check-up if the bleeding does not settle within a couple of weeks of better brushing, or if you notice any of these:
- gums that are pulling back so your teeth look longer
- bad breath that does not go away
- teeth that feel loose or have started to move
- pus between the teeth and gums
Left untreated, gum disease can damage the bone that holds your teeth in place. A professional cleaning removes the tartar you cannot, and gum treatment deals with deeper problems.